随着互联网技术的飞速发展，Linux服务器因其稳定性、安全性、开源性等特点，被广泛应用于各个领域。然而，对于初学者或者对Linux不太熟悉的用户来说，如何查看Linux服务器的类型及版本成了一个难题。本文将详细介绍如何查看Linux服务器的类型及版本，并针对相关问题进行解答。

一、查看Linux服务器类型

1. 查看内核类型

在Linux系统中，内核类型主要有两种：32位和64位。查看内核类型的方法如下：

（1）使用`uname -m`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# uname -m

x86_64

```

输出结果中的`x86_64`表示该服务器为64位内核。

（2）使用`cat /proc/cpuinfo`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"

model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2670 v3 @ 2.30GHz

```

在输出结果中，如果存在`x86_64`或`amd64`等关键字，则表示该服务器为64位内核。

2. 查看发行版类型

Linux发行版类型主要包括基于Debian和基于Red Hat两大类。以下方法可用于查看Linux发行版类型：

（1）使用`lsb_release -i`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -i

Description: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

```

输出结果中的`Description`字段包含了Linux发行版类型。

（2）使用`cat /etc/os-release`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release

NAME="Ubuntu"

VERSION="18.04.4 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"

ID=ubuntu

ID_LIKE=debian

PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS"

VERSION_ID="18.04"

HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"

SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"

BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"

VERSION_CODENAME=bionic

UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

```

在输出结果中，`NAME`字段包含了Linux发行版类型。

二、查看Linux服务器版本

1. 查看发行版版本号

使用以下方法可以查看Linux发行版的版本号：

（1）使用`lsb_release -r`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -r

Release: 18.04.4 LTS

```

输出结果中的`Release`字段包含了Linux发行版的版本号。

（2）使用`cat /etc/os-release`命令：

在输出结果中，`VERSION`字段包含了Linux发行版的版本号。

2. 查看内核版本号

使用以下方法可以查看Linux内核的版本号：

（1）使用`uname -r`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r

4.15.0-117-generic

```

输出结果中的`4.15.0-117-generic`表示该服务器的内核版本号为4.15.0-117。

（2）使用`cat /etc/kernelversion`命令：

```

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/kernelversion

4.15.0-117-generic

```

输出结果中的`4.15.0-117-generic`表示该服务器的内核版本号为4.15.0-117。

三、衍升问题及解答

1. 如何查看Linux服务器硬件信息？

使用`dmidecode -t 1`命令可以查看服务器硬件信息，例如：

```

[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t 1

System Information

System Manufacturer: lenovo

System Product Name: 80YH003VCD

System Version: 1.0

Serial Number: 123456789012345

UUID: 12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678

BIOS Version: 1.16

Assembly Information

Assembly Product Name: 80YH003VCD

Assembly Serial Number: 123456789012345

Assembly Part Number: 1234567890

Assembly Version: 1.0

Boot Information

Boot Device: ATA

Boot Status: Normal Boot

Boot Sequence: /dev/sda1

Boot Architecture: x86_64

Boot Language: en-US

Boot Installer: anaconda

System Enclosure

Enclosure Type: Desktop

Number of Power Cords: 1

Chassis Type: Desktop

Chassis Serial Number: 123456789012345

Chassis Part Number: 1234567890

Enclosure Version: 1.0

System Security

Security Status: Not Specified

Boot Integrity: Not Specified

Boot Integrity Device: Not Specified

Secure Boot: Not Specified

Secure Boot Device: Not Specified

BIOS Boot Specification: Not Specified

Trusted Platform Module: Not Specified

System Audit Control

Audit Mode: Not Specified

Audit Group: Not Specified

Audit Serial Number: Not Specified

System Management

System Management Interface: Not Specified

Baseboard Manufacturer: lenovo

Baseboard Product Name: 80YH003VCD

Baseboard Version: 1.0

Baseboard Serial Number: 123456789012345

Baseboard Part Number: 1234567890

Baseboard Asset Tag: Not Specified

Baseboard Identification Code: Not Specified

Processor Information

Processor Information

Processor Socket Designation: Processor 1

Processor Type: Central Processor

Processor Family: 6

Processor Manufacturer: GenuineIntel

Processor Version: 3

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Frequency: 3000.000 MHz

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,3dnow,3dnowa,sse3,sse4_1,sse4_2,x86-64,mmx,fxsr,sse3,hyper-threading,pae,nx,rdtscp,vmx,smx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,lapic,SYSENTER,noprefetch,oscalloccpu

Processor Cache Size: 512 KB

Cache Associativity: 8-way

Processor Family Version: 23

Processor Stepping: 9

Processor BogoMIPS: 6000.00

Processor Vendor ID: GenuineIntel

Processor Flags: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,px,sse,sse2,ss,