在Linux操作系统中，查看服务器配置是管理和维护系统的基础技能之一，掌握这些命令可以帮助管理员了解服务器的硬件信息、网络设置以及安全策略等关键数据，本文将介绍一些常用的Linux服务器配置命令，帮助读者快速了解如何通过这些工具来查看和分析系统配置。

概述

Linux系统中有许多命令可以用于查看服务器配置，这些命令通常分为两大类：一类是用于显示系统的基本信息，另一类则用于检查网络和安全相关的设置，下面列出了一些最常用的命令及其功能。

系统基本信息命令

1.uname

uname命令用于显示关于内核的信息，包括内核版本、主机名、内核版本号等。

$ uname -a
Linux version 5.4.0-38-generic (buildd@lwn) (gcc version 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-8) ) #20~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 17 13:35:39 UTC 2013
Graphics: nouveau ENGINE-ID: 1002-0c0e0f1f
CPU: Intel Core i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz, ~3.60GHz
Machine: x86_64 (x86_64 CPUs v0map2 smp cpu 0)
Memory: 16384KiB - 16777216KiB, total 1965MB / 2097152KiB usable Mem
Networking devices: enp0s3

2.hostname

hostname命令用于显示或设置系统的主机名。

$ hostnamectl
   RuntimeConfig: 尼莫=/run/sysconfig/hostname
            尼莫=/etc/sysconfig/hostname
           尼莫=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-38-generic/boot/env.txt
           尼莫=/boot/vmlinuz-8aec7b9f-linux-headers-5.4.0-38-generic/boot/env.txt
           尼莫=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-38-generic
       尼莫=/etc/hosts
       尼莫=/etc/hostname
       尼莫=/etc/hostid
       尼莫=/etc/network/interfaces
       尼莫=/etc/resolv.conf
       尼莫=/etc/fstab
       尼莫=/etc/passwd
       尼莫=/etc/shadow
       尼莫=/etc/gshadow
       尼莫=/etc/group
       尼莫=/etc/gidmapfile
       尼莫=/etc/inittab
       尼莫=/etc/profile
       尼莫=/etc/security/limits.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/access.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_tallylog.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_tallywrite.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_tallyread.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_tallyenforce.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_selinux.conf
       尼莫=/etc/security/pam_selinux_config
       尼莫= /proc/sysinfo
       尼莫= /proc/sysconfig

3.lsblk

lsblk命令用于列出所有已挂载的磁盘和分区信息。

$ lsblk
    NAME        MAJ:MIN RMNTSIZE MISMATCH LBA COLLECTOR_TAG COLLEctor_STATUSFS_EXTRA_ATTRS VG_NAME NFS_CLIENT nfs_server fs_flags mount point                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               SIASLUNTED      BOOT        PRIMARY LABEL                LOGICAL LABEL                           RADIUS_SERVERS                       RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_TYPE                   RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_UUID                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_PHYSICAL_DEVICE          RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_VENDOR                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_VERSION                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_PROPERTY                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_CAPACITY                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_FREE                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_ALLOCATED                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_USAGE                  RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_MAX               RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_MIN              RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_AVAILABLE             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_INVALID             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_CRITICAL             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_METADATA             RECOVERY_FILESYSTENEDUPLICATES             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_GROUP              RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNER              RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNERCONTEXT             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNERUID             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNERGID             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNERUIDCONTEXT             RECOVERY_FILESYSTEM_OWNERGIDCONTEXT             RECOVERY8ZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCTIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROEDUCATIONZEROCOLLECTORSTATUSESIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNTEDSIASLUNITESSIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESIANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESiANONDISKTABLESi